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Selecting the Error Message Language
The server has the ability to produce diagnostic and error messages in any of several languages. The default is english, but you can specify others. To see which are available, look under the share/mysql directory of your MySQL installation. The directories that have language names correspond to the available languages. To change the message language, use the --language startup option with an argument of either the language name or the pathname to the language directory. For example, to use French if your installation is located under /usr/local/mysql, you might use either --language=french or --language=/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/french.
Configuring Character Set Support
MySQL can support any of a number of character sets. The choice of character set obviously affects which characters are allowed in string values, but it also affects operational characteristics such as the sort order used in string comparisons and the characters that are legal in table and column names. This section describes how to configure the MySQL's character set support. For information on using character sets from the client perspective, see Chapter 2, "Working with Data in MySQL."
To find out which character sets are available to your server as it is currently configured, look under the MySQL installation directory, for example, in the share/mysql/charsets directory. The Index file there lists which sets you can use. You can also find out the names by issuing the following query:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_sets';
Or, as of MySQL 4.1, you can issue a SHOW CHARACTER SET statement to get the list of character set names and some additional information about each set.
To specify the default character set and the sets that are available to choose from, you can configure the server at build time using options to the configure script:
The default character set is latin1. To select a different default, use the --with-charset option.
To specify which character sets to include support for, use the --with-extra-charsets option. The argument to this option is a comma-separated list of character set names. For example, you can include support for the latin1, big5, and hebrew character sets as follows:
% ./configure --with-extra-charsets=latin1,big5,hebrew
Two special character set names can be used with the --with-extra-charsets option to select groups of character sets—all includes all available character sets, and complex includes all complex character sets. A set is complex if it is either a multi-byte character set or if it requires special rules for sorting.
At runtime, the server uses its default built-in character set unless you specify otherwise. To select a different set, use the --default-character-set option when you start the server.
Although the server can use different character sets, it supports only a single set at a time prior to MySQL 4.1. As of 4.1, the configuration-time and runtime options for controlling which sets are available or used by default are the same as before, but support also is available at the SQL level for on-the-fly selection of character sets at the server, database, table, column, and string constant level. In other words, the server can support multiple character sets simultaneously. The availability of improved character set support makes it more likely that your users will want to use alternate character sets, so it's also more likely that you'll need to consider building in support for a larger number of sets. (For example, the availability of Unicode support is something for which many users have been waiting, so you may want to enable it when you build the server.)
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